Tragedy AND Ta' ziyeh are considered as classical dramatic forms that due to their roots in ritual AND their dependence on religion, culture, myth AND tone can be studied in a comparative manner. The aim of the present paper is to study the dramatic aspects AND capacities of these two dramatic forms in comparison with each other. To achieve this goal, different parameters such as narrative or representation, alike AND character, performance style, verbal effects, catharsis AND audience impact are compared. In this study, we seek answer to the following questions; how the dramatic capacities of tragedy can be preferred over the Ta' ziyeh or vice versa. It seems that in the light of a semiotic approach AND one of its sub branches, the DIGITAL AND ANALOG SEMIOTICS of Louis-Jean Calvet, the extent of dramatic similarities AND differences between these two forms can be better investigated. Another objective of this research is to challenge the existing comparative studies in the context of Ta' ziyeh AND tragic or epic plays that seems to have ignored the performance style, the most important element of Ta' ziyeh AND have assessed its values than other types.

Background AND Aims: As the hearing aid technology progressively promotes toward replacing ANALOG hearing aids with DIGITAL AND programmable ones, comparison of the patient satisfaction of those kinds of hearing aids by means of a valuable tool seems so necessary. So, the aim of this study was to compare self-reported benefit of ANALOG, DIGITALly controlled programmable AND DIGITAL hearing aids for reducing disability caused by hearing impairment in mild to severe sensorineural hearing impaired persons.Materials AND Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 90 patients with mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss dividing into three groups: 43 subjects were fitted with DIGITAL, 15 with programmable, 23 with ANALOG hearing aids. After pure tone audiometry, Abbreviated profile of hearing aid benefit (APHAB) was completed before AND one month after using hearing aids to determine the benefit of them.Results: Global APHAB mean scores for DIGITAL, programmable AND ANALOG hearing aids were 49.05, 33.19 AND 39.53, respectively. Ease of Communication subscale mean scores were 53.46 for DIGITALs, 37.66 for programmable AND 39.09 for ANALOGs. Background noise subscale mean scores for DIGITAL programmable AND ANALOG hearing aids were 46.36, 25.53 AND 35.31, respectively. Global AND also both subscale mean scores showed significant difference between DIGITAL hearing aids AND programmable AND ANALOG ones. There was no significant difference between reverberation subscale mean scores of three groups.Conclusion: It seems DIGITAL hearing aids may be more beneficial to reduce disability caused by hearing loss than ANALOG AND programmable hearing aids are.

High gain Balun-low-noise-amplifier (LNA) is proposed for tuner of DIGITAL televisions (DTVs). The proposed Balun-LNA is based on CS-CG (common-source-common-gate) structure. To improve the isolasion AND frequency response, Balun-LNA has cascode transistors before load resistors. Balun-LNA uses current-bleeding circuit to increasie transconductance of CS transistor, so that current-bleeding transistor has transconductance of N-1 times larger than transconductance of cascode transistor. Thereby, transconductance AND current of CS transistor are increased N times, as N-1 times of current pass to current-bleeding transistor. Therefore current of CG AND CS stages stay identical. Also, Balun-LNA employs a positive feedback to satisfy input impedance matching AND CG transistor has higher transconductance. By increasing transconductance of CS AND CG transistors, the proposed Balun-LNA achieves to high voltage gain. Accordingly, CG AND CS tansistors have symmetrical currents AND loads at the differential output of the proposed Balun-LNA. Symmetrical loads cause the balanced differential outputs. This proposed Balun-LNA is designed in 90-nm CMOS technology AND covers the frequency range of 40 MHz to 1GHz. This Balun-LNA achieves the voltage gain of 22.6 dB, S11 of less than -10 dB AND the Minimum NF of 5 dB. This Balun-LNA operates at the nominal supply voltage of 2.2v.

Objective: Comparing ANALOG AND DIGITAL hearing aids reducing disability caused by hearing deficiency among moderate to severe sensorineural hearing-impaired persons.Method AND Material: This descriptive - analytic study was carried out on two groups of subjects participated in this study in some audiology clinics of hearing aid since May 2002 to October 2003. Twenty subjects wore ANALOG hearing aids AND twenty one subjects wore DIGITAL hearing aids. In this study, no subject had previous middle ear or psychological problems. APHAB questionnaire was completed before using hearing aid AND 2 months after to determine benefit of hearing aid use.Results: Total score mean of APHAB inventory before AND after use of ANALOG hearing aids were 52.215±6.420 AND 32.300±3.443 respectively. Also total score mean of APHAB inventory before AND after use of DIGITAL hearing aids were 54.9252±9.028 AND 26.321±10.916 respectively. There was no significant difference between total mean score of APHAB inventory before AND after using ANALOG AND DIGITAL hearing aids (P=0.058). While there was significant difference between total mean score of APHAB questionnaire before AND after use of ANALOG hearing aids (P<0.001) AND also before AND after use of DIGITAL hearing aids (P<0.001).Moreover age, gender, literacy level, occupation, degree of hearing loss AND manner of hearing aid usage did not have significant effect on APHAB results. Configuration of loss had significant effect on aversiveness subscale before AND after use of ANALOG hearing aids (P=0.008).Previous experience AND duration of hearing aid usage had significant effect on aversiveness subscale before AND after use of DIGITAL hearing aids (P=0.043) AND (P=0.024), respectively, while all of these three items did not have significant effect on total mean score of APHAB inventory AND also total mean scores of three subscales of ease of communication, reverberation AND background noise.Conclusion: Comparing to ANALOG hearing aid, DIGITAL one is significantly beneficial for reverberation AND background noise for hearing-impaired persons, but it has no. benefit for ease of communication AND aversiveness that may be arose from effects of the individual expectation, psychological AND personal factors.

We present the procedure for designing a high speed AND low power alloptical ANALOG to DIGITAL converter (AO-ADC), by integrating InGaAsP semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with InP based photonic crystal (PhC) drop filters. The self-phase modulation in the SOA can shift the frequency of the Gaussian input pulse. The two output PhC based drop filters are designed to appropriately code the frequency-shifted ANALOG signals by the SOA, converting them to four desired DIGITAL output levels. Our numerical results show that in an appropriately designed AO-ADC, the center wavelength (1572 nm) of an amplitude modulated Gaussian pulse of 1. 8 ps width AND 1. 56 pJ energy can be shifted by 6. 7 nm, by the SOA, AND then be quantized AND coded to four DIGITAL levels (00, 01, 10, AND 11). The two point-defect PhC drop filters, compensating the effect of the frequency shift by SOA, minimize the AO-ADC integral AND differential nonlinearity errors.

In this paper a new DIGITAL background calibration method for successive approximation register ANALOG to DIGITAL converters is presented. For developing, a perturbation signal is added AND also DIGITAL offset is injected. One of the main advantages of this work is that it is completely DIGITALly AND eliminates the nonlinear errors between ANALOG capacitor AND array capacitors due to converter’s capacitors mismatch error by correcting the relative weights. Performing of this DIGITAL dithering method does not require extra capacitors or double independent converters AND it will eliminate mismatches caused by these added elements. Also, No extra calibration overhead for complicated mathematical calculation is needed. It unlike split calibration, does not need two independent converters for production of two specified paths AND it just have one capacitor array which makes it possible with simple architecture. Furthermore, to improve DNL AND INL AND correct the missing code error, sub radix-2 is used in the converter structure. Proposed calibration method is implemented by a 10 bit, 1.87-radix SAR converter. Simulation results with MATLAB software show great improvement in static AND dynamic characteristics in applied ANALOG to DIGITAL converter after calibration. So, it can be used in calibration of successive approximation register ANALOG to DIGITAL converters.

This paper proposes a DIGITAL adaptive calibration to compensate passive Δ Σ modulator error based on output-referred error model of passive integrator. The passive integrator transfer function, which leads to gain AND phase errors, degenerates the performance of modulator due to signal attenuation in modulator loop. To identify the adaptive filter factors, a 1-bit pseudo-rANDom noise test signal is applied to the input of the passive Δ Σ modulator. The error factors are identified by making correlation between output AND test signals. The simulations show the effectiveness of the intrinsic error compensation of the modulator.

Images created with DIGITAL photography system, are made from regular AND quite geometric AND arithmetic seeds called pixels, but in ANALOG photography system, existing crystal silver bromide seeds in photography film negatives, after exposure to camera light, make image in the form of irregular AND small spots called Grain, Grains following their irregular form (unlike pixels), in terms of visual, have energetic AND very dynamic forms. Considering the feature of spot as constructive element of the images, now this question comes to mind that why images that are product of DIGITAL photography process, have less subtlety AND dynamism than the obtained images from ANALOG photography system? The purpose of performing this research is to investigate the nature of DIGITAL images AND comparing them with ANALOG images, is in terms of image creator spots in them. The topic that will be investigated in this article is to analyze visual features of spot in both photography systems.The research method used in this article, is a descriptive-analytical method AND its information collecting method has been library-field form. In this article, the authors comparing the form of the spot as constructive element of the image in both ANALOG AND DIGITAL photography systems, fetched up that obtained images of ANALOG photography, due to expression state of spot in them, have more dynamic nature than DIGITAL images AND this feature can be counted as an special ability to achieve special goals that happen less in DIGITAL photography method.